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Pillar-0: A New Frontier for Radiology Foundation Models

Agrawal, Kumar Krishna, Liu, Longchao, Lian, Long, Nercessian, Michael, Harguindeguy, Natalia, Wu, Yufu, Mikhael, Peter, Lin, Gigin, Sequist, Lecia V., Fintelmann, Florian, Darrell, Trevor, Bai, Yutong, Chung, Maggie, Yala, Adam

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Radiology plays an integral role in modern medicine, yet rising imaging volumes have far outpaced workforce growth. Foundation models offer a path toward assisting with the full spectrum of radiology tasks, but existing medical models remain limited: they process volumetric CT and MRI as low-fidelity 2D slices, discard critical grayscale contrast information, and lack evaluation frameworks that reflect real clinical practice. We introduce Pillar-0, a radiology foundation model pretrained on 42,990 abdomen-pelvis CTs, 86,411 chest CTs, 14,348 head CTs, and 11,543 breast MRIs from a large academic center, together with RATE, a scalable framework that extracts structured labels for 366 radiologic findings with near-perfect accuracy using LLMs. Across internal test sets of 14,230 abdomen-pelvis CTs, 10,646 chest CTs, 4,906 head CTs, and 1,585 breast MRIs, Pillar-0 establishes a new performance frontier, achieving mean AUROCs of 86.4, 88.0, 90.1, and 82.9, outperforming MedGemma (Google), MedImageInsight (Microsoft), Lingshu (Alibaba), and Merlin (Stanford) by 7.8-15.8 AUROC points and ranking best in 87.2\% (319/366) tasks. Pillar-0 similarly outperforms all baselines in an external validation on the Stanford Abdominal CT dataset, including Merlin (82.2 vs 80.6 AUROC). Pillar-0 extends to tasks beyond its pretraining, such as long-horizon lung cancer risk prediction, where it improves upon the state-of-the-art Sybil by 3.0 C-index points on NLST, and generalizes with gains of 5.9 (MGH) and 1.9 (CGMH). In brain hemorrhage detection, Pillar-0 obtained a >95 AUROC when using only 1/20th of the data of the next most sample efficient baseline. Pillar-0 and RATE together provide an open, clinically rigorous foundation for building high-performance radiology systems, enabling applications that were previously infeasible due to computational, data, and evaluation constraints.


Reproducibility: The New Frontier in AI Governance

Mason-Williams, Israel, Mason-Williams, Gabryel

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

AI policymakers are responsible for delivering effective governance mechanisms that can provide safe, aligned and trustworthy AI development. However, the information environment offered to policymakers is characterised by an unnecessarily low Signal-To-Noise Ratio, favouring regulatory capture and creating deep uncertainty and divides on which risks should be prioritised from a governance perspective. We posit that the current publication speeds in AI combined with the lack of strong scientific standards, via weak reproducibility protocols, effectively erodes the power of policymakers to enact meaningful policy and governance protocols. Our paper outlines how AI research could adopt stricter reproducibility guidelines to assist governance endeavours and improve consensus on the AI risk landscape. We evaluate the forthcoming reproducibility crisis within AI research through the lens of crises in other scientific domains; providing a commentary on how adopting preregistration, increased statistical power and negative result publication reproducibility protocols can enable effective AI governance. While we maintain that AI governance must be reactive due to AI's significant societal implications we argue that policymakers and governments must consider reproducibility protocols as a core tool in the governance arsenal and demand higher standards for AI research. Code to replicate data and figures: https://github.com/IFMW01/reproducibility-the-new-frontier-in-ai-governance


Is AI the New Frontier of Women's Oppression?

WIRED

Is AI the New Frontier of Women's Oppression? In her new book, feminist author Laura Bates explores how sexbots, AI assistants, and deepfakes are reinventing misogyny and harming women. After spending her early twenties as a nanny in the UK, Laura Bates noticed that the young girls she was caring for were preoccupied by their bodies, spurred on by the marketing they were receiving. In 2012, Bates, a London-based feminist author and activist, started The Everyday Sexism Project, a website dedicated to documenting and combatting sexism, misogyny, and gendered violence around the world by highlighting insidious instances of it such as invisible labor, referring to women as girls and commenting on their attire in professional settings. The site was turned into a book in 2014.


Effects of Feature Correlations on Associative Memory Capacity

Bielmeier, Stefan, Friedland, Gerald

arXiv.org Machine Learning

We investigate how feature correlations influence the capacity of Dense Associative Memory (DAM), a Transformer attention-like model. Practical machine learning scenarios involve feature-correlated data and learn representations in the input space, but current capacity analyses do not account for this. We develop an empirical framework to analyze the effects of data structure on capacity dynamics. Specifically, we systematically construct datasets that vary in feature correlation and pattern separation using Hamming distance from information theory, and compute the model's corresponding storage capacity using a simple binary search algorithm. Our experiments confirm that memory capacity scales exponentially with increasing separation in the input space. Feature correlations do not alter this relationship fundamentally, but reduce capacity slightly at constant separation. This effect is amplified at higher polynomial degrees in the energy function, suggesting that Associative Memory is more limited in depicting higher-order interactions between features than patterns. Our findings bridge theoretical work and practical settings for DAM, and might inspire more data-centric methods.


AI Melania: First lady embarks on 'new frontier' in publishing with audiobook of memoir

FOX News

EXCLUSIVE: First lady Melania Trump is launching an audiobook of her memoir using artificial intelligence (AI) audio technology in multiple languages, Fox News Digital has learned. The first lady released her first memoir, "Melania," last year. This week, she is breaking new ground by releasing "Melania, the Audiobook," which has been "created entirely" with AI. "I am proud to be at the forefront of publishing's new frontier – the intersection of artificial intelligence technology and audio," Trump told Fox News Digital. The first lady said ElevenLabs AI developed "an AI-generated replica of my voice under strict supervision, which will establish an unforgettable connection with my personal story, in multiple languages for listeners worldwide." ElevenLabs AI CEO Mati Staniszewski told Fox News Digital that they are "excited that Melania Trump trusted our technology to power this first-of-its-kind audiobook project."

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New frontier of AI-powered 'teacher-less' charter schools get mixed reviews from state officials

FOX News

Yurts founder and CEO Ben Van Roo breaks down concerns over DeepSeek on'The Will Cain Show.' Artificial intelligence may be the new frontier for childhood schooling, but the idea of teacherless classrooms has received mixed reviews from state education officials. Unbound Academy, a Texas-based institution billing itself as the nation's first virtual, tuition-free charter school for grades 4 through 8, reportedly employs AI to teach students in a way that can be geared toward the individual student without "frustration[s]" sometimes present in traditional schooling. While such schools have seen success in being approved to educate students in Arizona, Unbound was formally rejected by the Pennsylvania Department of Education in a letter obtained by Fox News Digital. In a letter to an Unbound Academy official with a Lancaster office address, Secretary Angela Fitterer said her office has found "deficiencies" in all five criteria needed for approval to teach Keystone State students. Pennsylvania's Charter School law denotes a school must demonstrate sustainable support for the cyber charter school plan from teachers, parents and students.


The Guide #158: Video games are the new frontier for pop culture's obsession with the past

The Guardian

The past is a big deal in the video games industry right now. Hardly a month goes by when we're not being tempted by a new retro mini console, whether that's a cutesy Nintendo or a demure ZX Spectrum (a new version of which is arriving in November, complete with rubbery keys and 48 legendary games). And this year's release schedule is absolutely crammed with remasters of classic titles. In April, the video game news site Kotaku listed 30 old timers being exhumed and revived for 2024, including The Last of Us Part II, Tomb Raider 1-3 and Star Wars: Dark Forces. And the article missed a few! October alone will see updated versions of horror adventures Until Dawn, Silent Hill 2 and Clock Tower, as well as Lego Harry Potter.


A Survey on Deep Active Learning: Recent Advances and New Frontiers

Li, Dongyuan, Wang, Zhen, Chen, Yankai, Jiang, Renhe, Ding, Weiping, Okumura, Manabu

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Active learning seeks to achieve strong performance with fewer training samples. It does this by iteratively asking an oracle to label new selected samples in a human-in-the-loop manner. This technique has gained increasing popularity due to its broad applicability, yet its survey papers, especially for deep learning-based active learning (DAL), remain scarce. Therefore, we conduct an advanced and comprehensive survey on DAL. We first introduce reviewed paper collection and filtering. Second, we formally define the DAL task and summarize the most influential baselines and widely used datasets. Third, we systematically provide a taxonomy of DAL methods from five perspectives, including annotation types, query strategies, deep model architectures, learning paradigms, and training processes, and objectively analyze their strengths and weaknesses. Then, we comprehensively summarize main applications of DAL in Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computer Vision (CV), and Data Mining (DM), etc. Finally, we discuss challenges and perspectives after a detailed analysis of current studies. This work aims to serve as a useful and quick guide for researchers in overcoming difficulties in DAL. We hope that this survey will spur further progress in this burgeoning field.


Airlines eye 'new frontier' of AI ahead of global summit

The Japan Times

Airlines may not be replacing pilots with artificial intelligence anytime soon, but aviation industry experts say the new technology is already revolutionizing the way they do business. "Data and AI are fantastic levers for the aviation sector," said Julie Pozzi, the head of data science and AI at Air France-KLM, ahead of the 80th meeting of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in Dubai. Airline executives will gather at the influential annual global airline summit in the United Arab Emirates on Monday for talks on the latest in the industry, including upcoming AI projects.

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Dominion: A New Frontier for AI Research

Halawi, Danny, Sarmasi, Aron, Saltzen, Siena, McCoy, Joshua

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Games have long played a role in AI research, both as a test-bed, and as a moving goal-post, constantly driving innovation. From the heyday of chess agents, when Deep Blue beat Gary Kasparov, to more recent advances, like AlphaGo's dark horse ascent to fame, games have both assisted AI research and provided something to aim for. As the AIs got better, the games they were applied to also got more complex. New game mechanics, such as the fog of war in StarCraft and the stochasticity of Poker, pushed researchers to adapt their methods to ever greater generality. In this paper, we argue that the deck-building strategy game Dominion [1] deserves to join the ranks of AI benchmark games, providing an RL-based bot in service of that benchmark. Dominion has all of the abovementioned elements, but it also incorporates a mechanic that is not present in other popular RL benchmarks: every game is played with a different set of cards. Since each dominion card has a specific rule printed on it, and the set of 10 cards for a game are randomly picked from among hundreds of cards, no two games of Dominion can be approached the same way. Thus a key part of playing Dominion is adapting one's inductive bias of how to play to the specific cards on the table.